[Linux] 하드웨어 정보 확인하기 - dmidecode, lshw

1. lshw 를 사용하여 하드웨어 상세 정보 확인(링크 참조)

- lshw 는 rpm 패키지를 별도로 설치해야됨

참고글 : http://jonnychoe.egloos.com/5549359

2. dmidecode

- 설치할 필요없음
- dmidecode 명령은 서버 하드웨어, 바이오스 정보를 system DMI 테이블에서 읽어온다.
시스템의 현재 configuration 상태뿐만 아니라 최대 지원가능한 설정 정보까지도 불러온다.
예를 들어, 시스템의 현재 RAM 정보와 최대 확장가능한 RAM 정보까지도 확인할 수 있다.

dmidecode 의 output 형태는 다음과 같다.

Record Header: Handle {record id}, DMI type {dmi type id}, {record size} bytes
Record Value: {multi line record value}

• record id: Unique identifier for every record in the DMI table.
• dmi type id: Type of the record. i.e BIOS, Memory etc.,
• record size: Size of the record in the DMI table.
• multi line record values: Multi line record value for that specific DMI type.

dmidecode 명령의 output 예 :

# dmidecode | head -15

# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
56 structures occupying 1977 bytes.
Table at 0x000FB320.

Handle 0xDA00, DMI type 218, 11 bytes
OEM-specific Type
        Header and Data:
                DA 0B 00 DA B0 00 17 03 08 28 00

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes
BIOS Information
        Vendor: Dell Computer Corporation
        Version: A07
        Release Date: 01/13/2004

DMI 테이블의 레코드 갯수를 보기위해서는

# dmidecode | grep ^Handle | wc -l
56

(or)

# dmidecode | grep structures
56 structures occupying 1977 bytes.

DMI Types

시스템의 CPU 정보를 보기위해서는 type id 4 옵션을 dmidecode 명령과 함께 준다.

# dmidecode -t 4
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.

Handle 0x0400, DMI type 4, 35 bytes
Processor Information
        Socket Designation: Processor 1
        Type: Central Processor
        Family: Xeon
        Manufacturer: Intel
        ID: 29 0F 00 00 FF FB EB BF
        Signature: Type 0, Family 15, Model 2, Stepping 9
        Flags:
                FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
                VME (Virtual mode extension)
                DE (Debugging extension)
                PSE (Page size extension)
                TSC (Time stamp counter)
                MSR (Model specific registers)

DMI type 은 아래와 같다.

Type   Information
       ----------------------------------------
          0   BIOS
          1   System
          2   Base Board
          3   Chassis
          4   Processor
          5   Memory Controller
          6   Memory Module
          7   Cache
          8   Port Connector
          9   System Slots
         10   On Board Devices
         11   OEM Strings
         12   System Configuration Options
         13   BIOS Language
         14   Group Associations
         15   System Event Log
         16   Physical Memory Array
         17   Memory Device
         18   32-bit Memory Error
         19   Memory Array Mapped Address
         20   Memory Device Mapped Address
         21   Built-in Pointing Device
         22   Portable Battery
         23   System Reset
         24   Hardware Security
         25   System Power Controls
         26   Voltage Probe
         27   Cooling Device
         28   Temperature Probe
         29   Electrical Current Probe
         30   Out-of-band Remote Access
         31   Boot Integrity Services
         32   System Boot
         33   64-bit Memory Error
         34   Management Device
         35   Management Device Component
         36   Management Device Threshold Data
         37   Memory Channel
         38   IPMI Device
         39   Power Supply

또한, type id 를 입력하는 대신에 키워드를 사용할 수도 있다.

다음은 사용가능한 키워드이다.

       Keyword     Types
       ------------------------------
       bios        0, 13
       system      1, 12, 15, 23, 32
       baseboard   2, 10
       chassis     3
       processor   4
       memory      5, 6, 16, 17
       cache       7
       connector   8
       slot        9

type id 2 와 10 에 대한 정보를 보기 위해 키워드 baseboard 를 사용한 예

# dmidecode -t baseboard
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.

Handle 0x0200, DMI type 2, 9 bytes
Base Board Information
        Manufacturer: Dell Computer Corporation
        Product Name: 123456
        Version: A05
        Serial Number: ..CN123456789098.

Handle 0x0A00, DMI type 10, 14 bytes
On Board Device 1 Information
        Type: SCSI Controller
        Status: Enabled
        Description: LSI Logic 53C1030 Ultra 320 SCSI
On Board Device 2 Information
        Type: SCSI Controller
        Status: Enabled
        Description: LSI Logic 53C1030 Ultra 320 SCSI
On Board Device 3 Information
        Type: Video
        Status: Enabled
        Description: ATI Rage XL PCI Video
On Board Device 4 Information
        Type: Ethernet
        Status: Enabled
        Description: Broadcom Gigabit Ethernet 1
On Board Device 5 Information
        Type: Ethernet
        Status: Enabled
        Description: Broadcom Gigabit Ethernet 2

dmicode 를 사용하여 RAM(Physical Memory) 에 대한 정보 확인하기

시스템에서 지원가능한 최대 RAM 크기는 얼마인가?
아래 예는 최대 RAM 크기가 8GB 임을 보여준다.

# dmidecode -t 16
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.

Handle 0x1000, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
        Location: System Board Or Motherboard
        Use: System Memory
        Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
        Maximum Capacity: 8 GB
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Number Of Devices: 4

메모리를 얼마나 확장할 수 있는지 를 확인하기 위해 /proc/meminfo 명령을 사용하여 현재 메모리 총량을 확인할 수 있다.

# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:      1034644 kB

위 예는 현재 시스템이 1 GB 메모리를 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있지만, 이것이 1GB 1개인지, 512MB 2개인지, 256MB 4개인지는 알 수가 없다.

dmidecode 명령을 사용하여 memory 슬롯에서 각각 사용되고 있는 RAM  크기를 알 수 있다.

아래 예는 memory slot  이 4개이며, 현재 슬롯 1,2 에 512 MB RAM 이 각각 장착되어 있음을 확인할 수 있다.

# dmidecode -t 17
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.

Handle 0x1100, DMI type 17, 23 bytes
Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x1000
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Total Width: 72 bits
        Data Width: 64 bits
        Size: 512 MB  [Note: Slot1 has 512 MB RAM]
        Form Factor: DIMM
        Set: 1
        Locator: DIMM_1A
        Bank Locator: Not Specified
        Type: DDR
        Type Detail: Synchronous
        Speed: 266 MHz (3.8 ns)

Handle 0x1101, DMI type 17, 23 bytes
Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x1000
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Total Width: 72 bits
        Data Width: 64 bits
        Size: 512 MB [Note: Slot2 has 512 MB RAM]
        Form Factor: DIMM
        Set: 1
        Locator: DIMM_1B
        Bank Locator: Not Specified
        Type: DDR
        Type Detail: Synchronous
        Speed: 266 MHz (3.8 ns)

Handle 0x1102, DMI type 17, 23 bytes
Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x1000
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Total Width: 72 bits
        Data Width: 64 bits
        Size: No Module Installed [Note: Slot3 is empty]
        Form Factor: DIMM
        Set: 2
        Locator: DIMM_2A
        Bank Locator: Not Specified
        Type: DDR
        Type Detail: Synchronous
        Speed: 266 MHz (3.8 ns)

Handle 0x1103, DMI type 17, 23 bytes
Memory Device
        Array Handle: 0x1000

        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Total Width: 72 bits
        Data Width: 64 bits
        Size: No Module Installed [Note: Slot4 is empty]
        Form Factor: DIMM
        Set: 2
        Locator: DIMM_2B
        Bank Locator: Not Specified
        Type: DDR
        Type Detail: Synchronous
        Speed: 266 MHz (3.8 ns)

BIOS information 확인하기

# dmidecode -t bios
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes
BIOS Information
        Vendor: Dell Computer Corporation
        Version: A07
        Release Date: 01/13/2004
        Address: 0xF0000
        Runtime Size: 64 kB
        ROM Size: 4096 kB
        Characteristics:
                ISA is supported
                PCI is supported
                PNP is supported
                BIOS is upgradeable
                BIOS shadowing is allowed
                ESCD support is available
                Boot from CD is supported
                Selectable boot is supported
                EDD is supported
                Japanese floppy for Toshiba 1.2 MB is supported (int 13h)
                5.25"/360 KB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                3.5"/720 KB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
                Serial services are supported (int 14h)
                CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
                ACPI is supported
                USB legacy is supported
                LS-120 boot is supported
                BIOS boot specification is supported
                Function key-initiated network boot is supported

Handle 0x0D00, DMI type 13, 22 bytes
BIOS Language Information
        Installable Languages: 1
                en|US|iso8859-1
        Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1

장비의 Manufacturer, Model 과 Serial number 확인하기

# dmidecode -t system
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.3 present.

Handle 0x0100, DMI type 1, 25 bytes
System Information
        Manufacturer: Dell Computer Corporation
        Product Name: PowerEdge 1750
        Version: Not Specified
        Serial Number: 1234567
        UUID: 4123454C-4123-1123-8123-12345603431
        Wake-up Type: Power Switch

Handle 0x0C00, DMI type 12, 5 bytes
System Configuration Options
        Option 1: NVRAM_CLR:  Clear user settable NVRAM areas and set defaults
        Option 2: PASSWD:  Close to enable password

Handle 0x2000, DMI type 32, 11 bytes
System Boot Information
        Status: No errors detected